Dietary Intake of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes During Ramadan Fasting in Accordance with Ramadan Nutrition Plan (RNP)-Diabetes & Ramadan (DaR) Guidelines 2021

Abstract

Objective: The IDF DAR provides comprehensive guideline regarding Ramadan risk stratification for people with diabetes. The role of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is vital when fasting during Ramadan, not only in achieving optimal diabetes control but also in improving their lifestyle .The Ramadan Nutrition Plan (RNP) provides education and nutrition plans for Ramadan, which is particularly useful for people with diabetes. The aim of the study was to assess the dietary intake of individuals with type 2 diabetes who observed fasting for more than 15 days during Ramadan in accordance with RNP - DaR guidelines 2021

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), a tertiary care diabetes center in Karachi, Pakistan. All people with T2DM of both genders regardless of age, who observed fasting for more than 15 days during Ramadan were included. A pre-design structured questionnaire was used to collect data for this study. One to one interview was conducted. Data on Ramadan nutrition practice and food consumption patterns were collected. The details about dietary intake at Suhoor, iftar and dinner time, especially the amount of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats was assessed

Results: A total number of 223 participants were assessed in which females were 93 (41.4%), and male 130 (58.6%) with a mean BMI of 28.07 kg/m2. Sixty % participants didn’t monitor their blood glucose. Sixty-four % didn’t consult health care professionals and 80 % did not received pre- Ramadan education. Forty-nine % did not engage in regular physical activity or tarawih during Ramadan. Majority of the participants didn’t consume food according to standards. Contrary to guidelines , consumption of carbohydrates was 54% , consumption of fats was 40 % and 6 % consumption of protein were observed in majority of people.

Conclusion: The observed dietary intake during Ramadan fasting did not align with established dietary recommendations of Ramadan Nutrition Plan (RNP) – Diabetes and Ramadan (DaR) Guidelines 2021as evidenced by the proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats consumption.

How to cite this: Khan SA, Anwer A. Dietary Intake of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes During Ramadan Fasting in Accordance with Ramadan Nutrition Plan (RNP) – Diabetes & Ramadan (DaR) Guidelines 2021. JPES. 2024;1(1):19-22.